What is Arduino?

What is Arduino?

- It is a software and hardware company, user community which manufactures and designs micro-controller kit for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects.

Arduino Logo

 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.The hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. It also comes in different variant such as Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano

Arduino UNO Board

  It helps to make small projects for students or beginners.

 

  Arduino Types:

	Processor	Analogue I/O
Arduino Uno	16Mhz ATmega328	6 input, 0 output
Arduino Due	84MHz AT91SAM3X8E	12 input, 2 output
Arduino Mega	16MHz ATmega2560	16 input, 0 output
Arduino Leonardo	16MHz ATmega32u4	12 input, 0 output

 Here, a short list of projecrts is provided which can be implement by Arduino board.

• Arduino Home Automation Using RF
• Arduino Mail Notifier
• Arduino and RF Transmitter Receiver Module
• Arduino Calculator
• Arduino RFID Reader
• Arduino Relay Control
• Arduino Traffic Light Controller
• Frequency Counter Using Arduino
• Arduino Servo Motor
• DC Motor Control With Arduino
• Rotary Encoder With Arduino
• Arduino LED Matrix
• Arduino 4-Digit 7-Segment LED Display
• Arduino based Digital Thermometer
• Arduino Solar Tracker
• Arduino Light Sensor
• Portable Ultrasonic Range Meter
• GSM Based Home Security Alarm System Using Arduino
• Arduino Alarm Clock
• How To Make A Tilt Sensor With Arduino?
• Digital Arduino Voltmeter
• Speed and Direction Control of DC Motor using Arduino
• Obstacle Avoiding Robot using Arduino
• Interfacing LCD with Arduino
• Arduino Home Automation Using RF
• Arduino Mail Notifier
• Arduino and RF Transmitter Receiver Module
• Arduino Calculator
• Arduino RFID Reader
• Arduino Relay Control
• Arduino Traffic Light Controller
• Frequency Counter Using Arduino
• Arduino Servo Motor
• DC Motor Control With Arduino
• Rotary Encoder With Arduino
• Arduino LED Matrix
• Arduino 4-Digit 7-Segment LED Display
• Arduino based Digital Thermometer
• Arduino Solar Tracker
• Arduino Light Sensor
• Portable Ultrasonic Range Meter
• GSM Based Home Security Alarm System Using Arduino
• Arduino Alarm Clock
• How To Make A Tilt Sensor With Arduino?
• Digital Arduino Voltmeter
• Speed and Direction Control of DC Motor using Arduino
• Obstacle Avoiding Robot using Arduino
• Interfacing LCD with Arduino

What is Blu-Ray?

What is Blu-Ray?

Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD) is the name of a next generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) used to store media and PC content.

BDA is a group of leading consumer electronics and PC companies. It has more than 180 members across world.

Its Board of Directors currently consist of:
Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, LG, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, Sun Microsystem(Oracle), TDK, Thomson, Twentieth Century Fox, Walt Disney and Warner Bros

                                                  Logo of Blu-Ray Disc



 High-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray discs with up to 2160p resolution (3840×2160 pixels), at up to 60 frames per second. DVD discs had been limited to a maximum resolution of 480i (NTSC, 720×480 pixels) or 576i (PAL, 720×576 pixels).

Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan.

Each Blu-ray disc is about 1.2 millimetres thick and 12 cm in diameter.
BLU-RAY has pits that are only 0.15 microns (µm) long. This is more than twice as small as the pits on a DVD.
Blu-ray has track pitch of 0.32 microns than 0.74 microns of DVD.

Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits, spiral grooves that run from the centre of the disc to the edges.
A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps.
Blu-ray uses a blue laser of shorter wavelength (405 nanometres) than a red laser (650 nanometres).

There are three Format of Blu-Ray is available: 

• BD-ROM - Read-only format for software, games and movie distribution.

• BD-R - Recordable format for HDTV recording and PC data storage.

• BD-RE - Rewritable format for HDTV recording and PC data storage.

 

Advantages of Blu-Ray:

• Record high-definition television (HDTV) without any quality loss.

• Instantly skip to any spot on the disc.

• Record one program while watching another on the disc.

• Create playlists.

• Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program.

• Blu-ray discs are better armed than current DVDs. They come equipped with a secure encryption system -- a unique ID that protects against video piracy and copyright infringement.

• Blu-ray has a higher data transfer rate -- 36 Mbps.

• Do not have the problems of  birefringence and disc tilt. 

 

What is LI-FI?

What is LI-FI?

Li-FI stands for Light-Fidelity 100x faster than Wireless-Fidelity abbreviated as WI-FI.

 Visible Light Communication (VLC) is another term that is sometimes used for this technology.

This is first introduced by Harald Haas at his TED Global Talk and name this idea as "LI-FI".He is Chairman of Mobile Communications at the University of Edinburgh and co-founder of pureLiFi.

It is wire and UV visible-light communication or infrared and near-ultraviolet instead of radio-frequency spectrum, part of optical wireless communications technology, which carries much more information and has been proposed as a solution to the RF-bandwidth limitations.

Visible light communications (VLC) works by switching the current to the LEDs off and on at a very high rate, too quick to be noticed by the human eye. Although Li-Fi LEDs would have to be kept on to transmit data, they could be dimmed to below human visibility while still emitting enough light to carry data. The light waves cannot penetrate walls which makes a much shorter range, though more secure from hacking, relative to Wi-Fi. Direct line of sight is not necessary for Li-Fi to transmit a signal; light reflected off the walls can achieve 70 Mbit/s.

The first VLC smartphone prototype was presented at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas from January 7–10 in 2014. The phone uses SunPartner's Wysips CONNECT, a technique that converts light waves into usable energy, making the phone capable of receiving and decoding signals without drawing on its battery.

                       A picture of Office Automation through LI-Fi

What is Pico Projector?

What is Pico Projector?

 

A pico projector is a small device to project a screen at size of 60'' or more same as large projector. Actually, we can say that it is mobile projector because we can project at anywhere but in dark environment such as bedroom with no light or dim light, dining room with low light, presentation hall etc. But as compared to High-Definition projector, it has low quality because of low luminance.
A handheld projector (also known as a pocket projector, mobile projector, pico projector or mini beamer) is technology that applies the use of an image projector in a handheld device.

                                You can see above picture of Pico Projector.

The system comprises five main parts: the battery, the electronics, the laser or LED light sources, the combiner optic, and in some cases, scanning mirrors. First, the electronics system turns the image into an electronic signal. Next, the electronic signals drive laser or LED light sources with different colors and intensities down different paths. In the combiner optic, the different light paths are combined into one path, defining a palette of colors.

                   

                                       This is picture of HD 3D projector